Nowadays, compression refrigeration systems are the most common type of refrigeration system for air conditioning in buildings and homes. These systems consume electrical energy to create the desired refrigeration. As such systems must be operated by a mechanical compressor, therefore, the emission of greenhouse gases from the electricity production process increases. This makes air conditioning systems one of the biggest sources of greenhouse gas emissions. One of the disadvantages of refrigeration systems is that they use refrigerants that cause climate change and the depletion of the ozone layer. To reduce electricity consumption in condensation refrigeration cycles, refrigeration cycles have been proposed that can work by using thermal energy. This energy can be derived from renewable energy sources or from waste heat from industrial processes. Therefore, there is no need to consume electricity to provide the desired cooling. As a result, the greenhouse effect is reduced. The ejector refrigeration system is a type of refrigeration cycle that has gained attention in recent years. This study proposes a system that integrates CPVT technology with a supercritical CO2 ejector. CO2 serves as the heat transfer fluid in the ejector refrigeration cycle. Electricity and heat are generated from the CPVT and the heat energy of the CPVT is used to start the ejector cooling cycle. First, a validation of the simulation was performed. Then a general evaluation of the proposed system was done. The proposed system achieved exergy efficiency and energy efficiency rates of 11.43% and 30.62%, respectively. The proportion of exergy loss in each component was calculated and the highest exergy destruction was observed in CPVT and boiler with 77% and 14% respectively. The financial assessment indicated that the highest cost in this system is related to CPVT. Then, a parametric study of the proposed system was conducted and the influence of the parameters of solar radiation intensity, solar panel area, increased flow pressure in the pump, evaporator temperature and boiler temperature were investigated. By expanding the surface area of the solar panel, the exergy destruction and the cost of the solar panel increase, and the thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency do not change. By raising the pump's output pressure, thermal efficiency, total cost, and overall exergy destruction rise, while exergy efficiency declines. The percentage of changes in thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency in the range of output pressure changes from 6.5 to 11 bar is 82% and -18%, respectively. As the temperature at the boiler outlet increases, the thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency increased by 59.3% and 6.6%, respectively, also the overall exergy destruction and total cost decreased. As the temperature of the evaporator increased, the energy efficiency and exergy efficiency increased, and the overall cost as well as the exergy destruction remained unchanged. Furthermore, this study presents a comprehensive thermodynamic and thermo-economic analysis of an integrated system comprising an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), a Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC) field, and an Energy Recovery Cycle (ERC). The same performance evaluations are also carried out for this system. The study reports an energy efficiency of 25.1% and an exergy efficiency of 12.67%, with a net power production of 258.9 kW. Additionally, the total cost of the system is estimated at 7.476 $/h, while total exergy destruction is recorded at 2333 kW. The findings offer valuable design considerations for enhancing efficiency and reducing losses in similar energy systems. Finally, these two systems are compared in terms of energy and exergy analysis as well as their suitable applications. The system integrating a CPVT system with an ejector refrigeration cycle demonstrates higher energy efficiency. This system is ideal for applications requiring efficient energy utilization. In contrast, the system combining ORC, PTC, and an ejector refrigeration cycle, achieves higher exergy efficiency, making it more suitable for power generation and waste heat recovery applications.
