Yazdan Shams Maleki

To evaluate the multidirectional seismic behaviour of reinforced sandy slopes and to assess the effects of seismic loading directions, a pile-stabilized slope is subjected to one, two and three-dimensional seismic loading combinations. Small-scale physical models of a biaxial shaking table and three-dimensional numerical models were implemented using the 3D explicit finite difference method. Seismic loading was imposed on the numerical models in two frameworks: (1) high frequency sinusoidal harmonic excitations to simulate the physical models and (2) earthquake loading. Both near-fault and far-field earthquake records were used in the numerical modeling. The results show that the permanent lateral displacement of the slope has the highest value among the combination of the longitudinal, transverse, and vertical components (i.e., LTV) of earthquake records. Findings have also revealed a simple logarithmic relationship between some intensity measures (IMs) and the lateral displacement of a reinforced sandy slope.