Pharmaceutical pollutants are emerging contaminants of significant environmental concern, requiring efficient and sustainable treatment approaches. In this study, a low-cost adsorbent–photocatalyst composite synthesized from sesame oil meal waste (activated carbon@CuFe2O4@MCM-41@graphene quantum dot) was applied for the adsorption and degradation of cyclophosphamide and ibuprofen in a microphotoreactor. The composite was characterized using EDX, FT-IR, XRD, FESEM, UV–vis DRS, and BET analyses. Operating parameters including pH (2–10), composite dosage (0.1–1 g/L), pollutant concentration (5–300 mg/L for cyclophosphamide; 5–50 mg/L for ibuprofen), contact time (0.5–25 min), and temperature (25–45 °C) were evaluated. Under optimized conditions, removal efficiencies reached approximately 100% for cyclophosphamide and 98.5% for ibuprofen. The composite demonstrated good reusability, with efficiency decline becoming significant after the seventh cycle. Application to real hospital wastewater confirmed notable reductions in COD and TOC, demonstrating the practical potential of the synthesized composite for advanced wastewater treatment. Overall, this study highlights the effectiveness of a sustainable, waste-derived material integrated into a microphotoreactor system for the removal of pharmaceutical pollutants.
