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چکیده
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Seawater desalination powered by renewable energy is a promising solution to simultaneously address water scarcity and climate challenges. However, achieving net-zero and resilient desalination remains limited by the intermittency of renewable sources and the complexities of managing energy and water interdependencies. While hybrid battery and green hydrogen storage systems offer short- and long-term balancing potential, existing studies oversimplify the water-energy interactions by neglecting electrolyzer and cooling water quality and quantity requirements and pressure differentials in hydrogen production and storage infrastructure. This research addresses these gaps by developing an integrated, high-resolution model that couples renewable-powered desalination with a hybrid battery–green hydrogen storage system, explicitly capturing the bidirectional water-energy interdependencies. The proposed system includes detailed modelling of water treatment systems comprising pre- (coarse screening and media filtration), main (Reverse Osmosis) and post-treatment (electro-deionization) stages to meet local potable water and green hydrogen production systems. The developed model is a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP), solvable by current off-the-shelf solver packages, considering the quality and quantity needs of the electrolysis process and electrolyzer cooling. The model also considers hydrogen compression differences between production and above-ground high-pressure storage tanks. The proposed framework is implemented using real-world data from Al-Ahmadi Port, Kuwait, and evaluated under various operational scenarios. Simulations demonstrate that integrating the proposed green hydrogen model enhances system independence and storage scalability while significantly accounting for real-life water-energy interactions. This research demonstrates a scalable and practical pathway for deploying climate-resilient desalination infrastructure in arid and resource-constrained environments by explicitly modelling the hydrogen-for-water and water-for-hydrogen nexus.
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