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چکیده
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Cooling of photovoltaic panels is of great importance, because the high temperature of the panels reduces their energy conversion efficiency. The present research is devoted to investigating how much the efficiency of a phase change material (PCM) in reducing the temperature of a photovoltaic panel can be improved by using cold-water mist to cool the PCM placed under the photovoltaic panel. Ultrasonic piezoelectrics, positioned at the bottom of a cold-water tank, are used to produce the cold-water mist. The effects of water level (5, 6, and 7 mm), water temperature (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 ◦C), and the number of piezoelectrics (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) in the tank on the temperature, output voltage, and output power of the photovoltaic panel are investigated in a laboratory setting. It was found that the electrical performance of the photovoltaic panel improves with a lower water level, lower water temperature, and a higher number of piezoelectrics. In the optimal condition, the average temperature of the photovoltaic panel was 27.3 ◦C (46.41 %) lower than that of the panel without cooling, while the output voltage and output power of the panel were 47.22 % and 12.63 % higher, respectively, compared to the values without cooling
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