Reza Hemmati

This paper addresses a novel multi-stage dynamic distribution network expansion planning (DNEP) taking into account the electric vehicle (EV) charging station based on the battery swapping model. The battery swapping station (BSS) is transferred seasonally and integrated to different buses in various seasons in order to defer the investment on the new lines. The BSS is as well integrated with rooftop solar panels. The uncertainties of loads and renewable energies are taken into account and handled by stochastic programming. The charging scheduling is optimized for all the batteries inside the BSS. A comparative study is presented for 3 cases including expansion planning without BSS, planning with a fixed location of BSS, and the proposed method (i.e., planning with seasonally transferred BSS). The numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed model transfers the BSS every six months, where, it is installed on bus 25 in seasons 1 and 2, and on bus 17 in seasons 3 and 4. The congested lines such as lines 2 to 19, 16 to 17, and 6 to 7 are expanded by installing new lines in years 2, 4, and 5, respectively. The BSS sends power to the external grid in on-peak loading times such as hours 12 to 15 and 18 to 21. The proposed model reduces the planning cost by 5% compared to the expansion planning with a fixed location for BSS.